Irritable
Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Contents
1.
Definition of of
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
2.
Description of Irritable
Bowel Syndrome
3.
Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
4.
Causes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
5.
Statistics of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
6.
Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
7.
The treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Diet changes for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Medicine for Irritable
Bowel Syndrome
Stress management for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Alternative treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
8.
The
costs of care
for Irritable
Bowel Syndrome
Definition
of of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable
bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic condition that occurs when the muscles and
nerves in a person's bowel are in disorder, so they are not working as they
should. People with IBS usually feel changes in their bowel, causing discomfort.
There have been many names of IBS, among them: mucous colitis, spastic colon,
spastic bowel or spastic colon. However, no connection has been found between
inflammatory bowel diseases and IBS.
Description
of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
(IBS)
The
main organ which is responsible for eliminating and packing stool is colon,
which is large intestine. It aslo absorbs water forming stool while the food is
moving through the colon. The stool toward the rectum is pushed by muscle
contractions, which are controled by hormones, nerves and by electrical activity
in the musculature of colon and result in bowel movement.
Normal
bowel function is passed without pain or cramps and doesn’t contain bood and
is not hard, usually varies from three stools a day to three each week if you
suffer from IBS.
There
are different conditions of muscule contractions, they may beome too hard, then
it will cause abdominal pain, they may stop, like constipation, and they may
accelarate, e.g. it could cause diarrhea.
Symptoms
of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Some
symptoms of IBS may occur at the same time, some may be more dominant than
others.
Lower
abdominal pain in the stomach for at least 3 months in a previous year (it
don’t have to be consecutive) (IBS – B)
Diarrhea
(IBS – D)
Constipation
(IBS – C)
Alternating
stool pattern (IBS – A)
Cramping
Gas
Bloating
Symptoms
of Irritable Bowel Syndrome are not:
Fatigue
Weight
loss
Fever
Bleeding
Stress
Anemia
Nausea
Sexual
dysfunction
Muscle
pain
Vomiting
Heartburn
Sleep
disturbances
Back
pain
Headache
Causes
of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Despite
advancements in medical research the cause of IBS is not known, and there is no
cure for IBS, it can almoust always be managed and kept under control. It is not
a structual desease, but is considered to be as functional problem, but by doing
some certain things like eating better, reducing stress or taking medicine, some
people can ease their symptoms.
Some
specialists believe that IBS is caused by some changes in the nerves that are
responsible for control of sensation or bowel muscle contractions. Others think
than colon might be affected by central nervous system. Also researchers believe,
that woman have IBS usually 2-3 times more than man, because it is connected
with hormonal changes. Some people with IBS report that other family members
also have the disorder, they suggest that it is because of
possible genetic cause.
Statistics
of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
According
with statistics, there is aprx.10-20% of adult population which is affected by
IBS. Or there is more that one American in five who has IBS. It makes that IBS
is one of the most popular desease diagnosed by doctors who are specialized in
disorders of the stomach.
The
findings reinforce that people who are pushing themselves too hard when they had
bacterial deseases developed IBS more often than people who took it easy.
It
often starts at the age of 35 or even earlier. Interestingly, that up to 75% of
people diagnosed with IBS are women. One of the reason why IBS is found more in
women than in men (four out of five), is that women are going more often to
visit a doctor than men.
Survey
of IBS shows that respondents indicated that they were most interested in:
60%
learning about foods to avoid
58%
medications
56%
coping strategies
55%
IBS causes
55%
psysician factors releated to IBS
In
Western countries (
India
,
Japan
and
China
) people have greater risk of developing IBS, but not in
Sri Lanka
,
Thailand
and
South Africa
.
Diagnosis
of Irritable
Bowel Syndrome
The
first thing you have to do, if you think you may have IBS, is seeing your doctor.
For identifying IBS doctors need a detailed medical history based on cilinical
criteria that includes features of the symptoms and as well as a physical tests.
There
is no specific test or examination for IBS, your doctor may do some medical
tests to make sure you don't have any other diseases, like intolerance of foods
containing a protein, inflammation and polyps. However, IBS symtoms are
evaluated when all investigations and medical tests for other disorders have
been done and have resulted as negative.
Medical
tests include:
·
Colonoscopy
·
CBC (complete blood count)
·
blood tests
·
x-ray of the bowel
·
lactose intolerance tests
·
physical exam
·
fexible sigmoidoscopy
·
computerized tomography (CT) scan
The
treatment for Irritable
Bowel Syndrome
The
aim of the treatment is to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms. The doctor will
determine the method of treatment according with your severity of IBS. The bed
thing is that no cure has been invented so far for IBS symptoms. Some therapies
can not work so good for you, so you have to work together with your doctor to
select the best combination of IBS treatments. IBS is complex syndrome, so
sometimes it can be fustrating, because your symptoms may change – you can
feel constipated, but suffer from diarrhea for a few weeks, and then again being
constipated. As IBS is a chronic condition, then for many people treatment must
continue over the long – term period.
The
good new are that there are several things that you can do to feel better:
Diet
changes
Some
foods make Irritable Bowel Syndrome better and act as a IBS
treatment:
Clinical
studies have showed that IBS patiens are more sensitive to fructose and fats.
For some who do not have diarrhea , but not for all patients with IBS, a high
– fiber diet is recommended. Before you change your diet, you have to make a
list of those products that seem to cause distress. Then you have to discuss
those findings with your doctor. For instance, if dairy products are making
worse your IBS symptoms, you could try to eat less of those foods. Dairy
products are an important source of calcium and other nutrients.
Fiber
reduces
IBS symptoms, mainly constipation by softening the stool, making it easier to
pass, which may help to prevent spasms. Fiber is found in
whole – grain bread, whole – grain cereal, beans, fruits (apples and peaches),
and vegetables, plums prune juice, ground flaxseed and water will also help if
you will drink at least 6-8 glasses of it each day. By the
way you could also use a fiber pill or mix a special fiber
powder with drinking water.
However,
it may not help with reducing pain or decreasing diarrhea. High-fiber diets may
cause gas and bloating. For adults intake of increasing fiber by 20 to
30 grams
per day will help reduce the risk of increased gas and bloating.
Some
foods make Irritable Bowel Syndrome worse:
·
All products that contain caffeine (e.g. coffee, tea)
·
Gas - producing foods like beans and certain vegetables like broccoli or
cabbage
·
Refined food such as white rice, cookies, chips
·
Carbonated drinks like soda
·
Alcohol
·
Red meat
·
Sorbitol - a sweetener found in dietetic foods and also in some chewing
gums
·
Chocolate
·
Avoid milk and sugar like cheese or ice cream
People
with IBS also shoudn’t eat large meals, because that can cause diarrhea and
cramping. What you could do is to try eat small but many meals a day.
Medicine
for Irritable
Bowel Syndrome
as
IBS treatment
For
moderate to severe IBS, your doctor may give you medicine to help with symptoms,
like the most popular one is Alosetron (Lotronex), because it is the only one
specially produced for specifically coping with IBS. It helps to relax the colon
and slow the movement of stool through the bowel. It is not recommened for use
by men. And you can use only with prescription by doctors and if you have failed
usual therapy for IBS.
- laxatives
IBS treatment:
to treat constipation like sorbitol, lactulose (Chronulac and Kristalose) or
polyethylene glycol (MiraLax or GlycoLax) or newer medication is tegaserod (Zelnorm)
could also help. Note: Taken in long run they can be even bad for your
health and they can offer only limited relief.
- antispasmodics
IBS treatment:
to slow contractions in the bowel, which may help with pain, cramping and
diarrhea, relaxing the smooth muscle of the gut and relieving stomach cramps.
The main side effect what these drugs can cause is constipation, also
dryness, blurred vision, drowsiness. The most popular brands of
antispasmodics are Bentyl and Levbid, hyoscyamine (like Levsin, Cystospaz
and Anaspaz) could be good for cramping and pain or the doctor also could
recommend dicyclomine (e.g. Di-Spaz, Bentyl or Bemote), tranquilizers such
as Librax and Donnatal. For diarrhea cholestyramine (Querstran) or
loperhamide (like Imodium).
- antidepressants
as IBS treatment:
Such as Paxil and Celexa are good for patiens who suffer with constipation,
but the side effects can include loss of appetite, nausea and diarrhea. For
patients with diarrhea doctors could advice drugs e.g. Pamelor, Elavil and
Norpramine, but then side affects would include blurred vision, dry mouth
and drowsiness.
- Fiber
supplements IBS
treatment:
corn fiber, psyllium, wheat bran, calcium polycarbophil, psyllium (Metamucil)
or methylcellulose (Citrucel) with fluids may help to control constipation.
- Anticholinergic
medications
IBS treatment: These drugs can help to relieve painful bowel spasms
affecting nervous system (anticholinergics)
Stress
management for Irritable
Bowel Syndrome
Stress
include:
Problems
at work
Financial
problems
Problems
at home
Commutes
Things
beyond control
IBS
symtoms can be relieved with stress management. You will have less cramping and
pain without stress, tension and worry. However, stress is
not a cause of IBS, but with this the symptoms can worsen. You can learn how to
deal with stress.
Another
theory suggests that IBS is affected by immune system, which fights against
infection in the body. Stress affects immune system
There
are different activities that could help to improve IBS symtoms e.g. meditation,
yoga, listening to music, massage, baths, or even reading a good book might help.
You could try to also do sports, like golf and tennis.
Another
treatment
for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
that could reduce stress is behavorial therapy. It will help to change the way
of mind and body reactions to events. It includes relaxation, hypnosis,
psychotherapy and biofeedback.
Stress
management options might involve:
- Regular
exercise such as walking or yoga
- Relaxation
such as meditation
- Talking
with people
- Planning
ahead
- Changes
in stressful situations in your life
- Sleep
Alternative
treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Bio-feedback.
(a stress – reduction technique)
Counseling.
(help of psychologists or psychiatrists)
Regular
exercises
Hypnosis
Progressive
relaxation exercises (tightening and relaxing the muscles)
Deep
breathing
Other
techniques (listeming to music, soaking with warm bath or reading)
Acupunture.
It helps to improve bowel function and relax bowel function.
Herbs
likr peppermint.
Probiotics
are all „good” bacteria
The
costs of
care for
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Research
of Mayo Clinic study shows that IBS expenses for drugs, hospital, emergency room,
and office visits are more than
$8
billion and caused lost in productivity of IBS is around
$20
billion. Plus, those costs doesn’t include human suffering and damage of
relationship.